Seismic Data Format


The SEG-Y files on this CD-ROM conform to the SEG-Y standard format (Barry and others, 1975). The SEG-Y standard consists of the following:


Example of a 3200-byte EBCDIC reel identification header created with Qmipstosegy

C 1 CLIENT U.S.G.S. COMPANY WHFC CREW NO 0
C 2 LINE q11l147. AREA Stellwagen Bank MAP ID None
C 3 REEL NO 1 DAY-START OF REEL 289 YEAR 1998 OBSERVER
C 4 INSTRUMENT: Triton MODEL ISIS SERIAL NO
C 5 DATA TRACES/RECORD 1 AUXILIARY TRACES/RECORD CDP FOLD
C 6 SAMPLE INTERVAL 122 SAMPLES/TRACE 2416 BITS/IN BYTES/SAMPLE 2
C 7 RECORDING FORMAT 3 FORMAT THIS REEL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
C 8 SAMPLE CODE: Short Integers
C 9 GAIN TYPE:
C10 FILTERS: ALIAS HZ NOTCH HZ BAND HZ SLOPE DB/OCT
C11 SOURCE: NUMBER/POINT POINT INTERVAL
C12 PATTERN: LENGTH WIDTH
C13 SWEEP: HZ HZ LENGTH 295 MS CHANNEL NO TYPE
C14 TAPER: MS MS TYPE
C15 SPREAD:
C16 GEOPHONES:
C17 PATTERN:
C18 TRACES SORTED BY: RECORD
C19 AMPLITUDE RECOVERY:
C20 MAP PROJECTION
C21 PROCESSING:
C22 ACOUSTIC SOURCE: SIS-1000 FIRE RATE: 0.25 SECS
C23
C24
C25
C26
C27
C28
C23
C30
C31
C32
C33
C34
C35
C36
C37
C38
C39
C40 END EBCDIC

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The SEG-Y binary reel identification header. The values in red are assigned in the SEG-Y output from Qmipstosegy.

Byte Numbers   Header Value Description
3201 - 3204   Job identification number.
3205 - 3208   Line number.
3209 - 3212   Reel number.
3213 - 3214   Number of data traces per record.
3215 - 3216   Number of auxiliary traces per record.
3217 - 3218   Sample interval, microseconds, this file (reel).
3219 - 3220   Sample interval, microseconds, original field recording.
3221 - 3222   Number of samples per data trace, this file (reel).
3223 - 3224   Number of samples per data trace, original field recording.
3225 - 3226   Data sample format code: 1 = floating point (4 bytes) 2 = fixed point (4 bytes) 3 = fixed point (2 bytes) 4 = fixed point with gain code (4 bytes).
3227 - 3228   CDP fold.
3229 - 3230   Trace sorting code: 1 = as recorded (no) sorting) 2 = CDP ensemble 3 = single fold continuous profile 4 = horizontally stacked
3231 - 3232   Vertical sum code: 1 = no sum 2 = two sum ... N = N sum (N = 32,767)
3233 - 3234   Sweep frequency at start.
3235 - 3236   Sweep frequency at end.
3237 - 3238   Sweep length, ms.
3239 - 3240   Sweep type code: 1 = linear 2 = parabolic 3 = exponential 4 = other
3241 - 3242   Trace number of sweep channel.
3243 - 3244   Sweep trace taper length, ms, at start if tapered.
3245 - 3246   Sweep trace taper length, ms, at end.
3247 - 3248   Taper type: 1 = linear 2 = cos 3 = other
3249 - 3250   Correlated data traces: 1 = no 2 = yes
3251 - 3252   Binary gain recovered: 1 = yes 2 = no
3253 - 3254   Amplitude recovery method: 1 = none 2 = spherical divergence 3 = AGC 4 = other
3255 - 3256   Measurement system: 1 = meters 2 = feet
3257 - 3258   Impulse signal: 1 = Upward = negative number. 2 = Upward = positive number.
3259 - 3260   Vibratory polarity code - seismic signal lags pilot signal by: 1 = 337.5 - 22.5 degrees 2 = 22.5 - 67.5 degrees 3 = 67.5 - 112.5 degrees 4 = 112.5 - 157.5 degrees 5 = 157.5 - 202.5 degrees 6 = 202.5 - 247.5 degrees

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The SEG-Y defined 240-byte trace identification header values. The values in red are assigned in the SEG-Y output from Qmipstosegy.

Byte Numbers

Header Value Description

1 - 4  

Trace sequence number within line.

5 - 8  

Trace sequence number within file (reel)

9 - 12  

Original field record number

13 - 16  

Trace number within original field record

17 - 20  

Energy source point number.

21 - 24  

CDP ensemble number.

25 - 28  

Trace number within the CDP ensemble.

29 - 30  

Trace identification code: 1 = seismic data

31 - 32  

Number of vertically summed traces yielding this trace

33 - 34  

Number of horizontally stacked traces yielding this trace

35 - 36  

Data use: 1 = production 2 = test

37 - 40  

Distance from source point to receiver group.

41 - 44  

Receiver group elevation - above sea level are positive, below sea level are   negative.

45 - 48  

Surface elevation at source.

49 - 52  

Source depth below surface (positive number).

53 - 56  

Datum elevation at receiver group.

57 - 60  

Datum elevation at source.

61 - 64  

Water depth at source (this is the Fish depth below the sea surface in meters*10)

65 - 68  

Water depth at group.

69 - 70  

Scalar to be applied to all elevations & depths, specified in bytes 41 - 68 to give the real value. Scalar = 1, +/-10, +/-100, +/-1000, or +/-10,000. If positive, scalar is used as a multiplier; if negative, scalar is used as a divisor.

71 - 72  

Scalar to be applied to all coordinate specified in bytes 73 - 88 to give the real value. Scalar = 1, +/-10, +/-100, +/-1000, or +/-10,000. If  positive, scalar is used as a multiplier; if negative, scalar is used as a divisor.

73 - 76  

Source coordinate - X. UTM Easting coordinate with fish "layback" correction

77 - 80  

Source coordinate - Y. UTM Northing coordinate with fish "layback" correction

81 - 84  

Group coordinate - X. UTM Easting coordinate with fish "layback" correction

85 - 88  

Group coordinate - Y. UTM Northing coordinate with fish "layback" correction

89 - 90  

Coordinate units: 1 = length (meters or feet) 2 = seconds of arc

91 - 92  

weathering velocity.

93 - 94  

Subweathering velocity.

95 - 96  

Uphole time at source.

97 - 98  

Uphole time at group.

99 - 100  

Source static correction.

101 - 102  

Group static correction.

103 - 104  

Total static applied.

105 - 106  

Lag time A. Time in ms between end of 240-byte trace identification header  and time break. positive if time break occurs after end of header, negative if time break occurs before end of header. Time break is defined as the initiation pulse which may be recorded on an auxiliary trace or as otherwise specified by the recording system.

107 - 108  

Lag time B. Time in ms between the time break and positive or negative.

109 - 110  

Delay recording time. Time in ms between initiation time of energy source and  time when recording of data samples begins.

111 - 112  

Mute time - start.

113 - 114  

Mute time - end.

115 - 116  

Number of samples in this trace.

117 - 118  

Sample interval, in microseconds, for this trace.

119 - 120  

Gain type of field instruments: 1 = fixed, 2 = binary, 3 = floating point, 4 = ---  N = optional use

121 - 122  

Instrument gain constant.

123 - 124  

Instrument early or initial gain (db).

125 - 126  

Correlated: 1 = no 2 = yes

127 - 128  

Sweep frequency at start.

129 - 130  

Sweep frequency at end.

131 - 132  

Sweep length, ms.

133 - 134  

Sweep type: 1 = linear 2 = parabolic 3 = exponential 4 = other

135 - 136  

Sweep trace taper length at start, ms.

137 - 138  

Sweep trace taper length at end, ms.

139 - 140  

Taper type: 1 = linear 2 = cos 3 = other

141 - 142  

Alias filter frequency.

143 - 144  

Alias filter slope.

145 - 146  

Notch filter frequency.

147 - 148  

Notch filter slope.

149 - 150  

Low cut frequency.

151 - 152  

High cut frequency.

153 - 154  

Low cut slope.

155 - 156  

High cut slope.

157 - 158  

Year data recorded.

159 - 160  

Day of year.

161 - 162  

Hour of day (24 hour clock).

163 - 164  

Minute of hour.

165 - 166  

Second of minute.

167 - 168  

Time basis code: 1 = local 2 = GMT 3 = other

169 - 170  

Trace weighting factor - defined as 2-N volts for the least significant bit. (N=0,  1,...,32,767)

171 - 172  

Geophone group number of roll switch position one.

173 - 174  

Geophone group number of trace number one within original field record.

175 - 176  

Geophone group number of last trace within original field record.

177 - 178  

Gape size (total number of groups dropped).

179 - 180  

Overtravel associated with taper at beginning or end of line: 1 = down (or behind) 2 = up (or ahead)

181 - 184

Floating point fish depth (meters) from fish pressure depth

193 - 196 Fathometer depth (meters * 10)
197 - 200 Fish layback (meters * 10)
201 - 204 Calculated speed of sound (CTD)
205 - 206 Total applied gain
207 - 240 Unassigned - for optional information.

 

References

Barry, R.M., Cavers, D.A., and Kneale, C.W., 1975, Recommended standards for digital tape formats, Geophysics, v. 40, p. 344-352

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