Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S.Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2005 Title: H11044_GEO_5MBATHY.TIF: 5-m Gridded Bathymetry from Long Island Sound Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1145 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: L.J. Poppe Originator: S.D. Ackerman Originator: E.F. Doran Originator: A.L. Beaver Originator: J.M. Crocker Originator: P.T. Schattgen Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Interpolation of reconnaissance multbeam bathymetry from north-central Long Island Sound Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1145 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1145 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, has produced detailed geologic maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound, a major East Coast estuary surrounded by the most densely populated region of the United States. These studies have built upon cooperative research with the State of Connecticut that was initiated in 1982. The current phase of this research program is directed toward studies of sea-floor sediment distribution, processes that control sediment distribution, nearshore environmental concerns, and the relation of benthic community structures to the sea-floor geology. Anthropogenic wastes, toxic chemicals, and changes in land-use patterns resulting from residential, commercial, and recreational development have stressed the environment of the Sound, causing degradation and potential loss of benthic habitats (Koppelman and others, 1976; Long Island Sound Study, 1994). Detailed maps of the sea floor are needed to help evaluate the extent of adverse impacts and to help manage resources wisely in the future. Therefore, in a continuing effort to better understand Long Island Sound, we have interpolated and regridded this NOAA bathymetric survey into a complete-coverage acoustic image of the sea floor. The image presented herein covers a 77.5 km square area of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound off Milford, Connecticut and was produced from data collected during NOAA survey H11044. This imagery may serve many purposes, including: (1) defining the geological variability of the sea floor, which is one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity; (2) improving our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and the distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and (3) providing a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities. This bathymetry may also serve as a base map for subsequent sedimentological, geochemical, and biological observations, because precise information on environmental setting is important for selection of sampling sites and for accurate interpretation of point measurements. Purpose: To release a digital version of 5 m gridded bathymetry generated from NOAA survey H11044 in Long Island Sound off Milford, Connecticut. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.13 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.94 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.14 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.02 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: NOAA Ship RUDE Theme_Keyword: geotiff Theme_Keyword: ArcView Theme_Keyword: multibeam bathymetry Theme_Keyword: image Theme_Keyword: gridded Theme_Keyword: Survey H11044 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: U.S. East Coast Place_Keyword: Bridgeport Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata. Data are not for navigation. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: The USGS, NOAA, and CT Department of Environmental Protection should be acknowledged as originators of this data set. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: H11044 Bathymetry Edition: 1.0 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: There are no attributes associated with a geotiff image. Completeness_Report: All collected data were processed and used to produce the interpolated and gridded dataset. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation was by Differential GPS Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: ~5 m Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Data is interpolated and gridded to 5 m Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Title: h11044_1_5m_decimal_degrees.xyz Type_of_Source_Media: CD-ROM Source_Citation_Abbreviation: h11044 bathymetry Source_Contribution: Original gridded, but not interpolated data. This had resulted in areas of no data between many of the ship's tracks. Process_Step: Process_Description: The bathymetry data were collected during 2003 as part of NOAA surveys H11044 aboard the NOAA Ship RUDE. The RUDE, which supports NOAA's east-coast nautical charting mission, is outfitted to acquire single-beam bathymetry with an Odom Echotrac DF-3200 duel frequency echosounder and shallow water multibeam bathymetry with a Reson 8125 system. The Reson multibeam system operates at 455 KHz with a 120 degree across track swath and 240 beams along its swath. The multibeam data for these surveys were acquired in XTF (extended Triton data format) and recorded digitally through an ISIS data acquisition system. Once digitally recorded, the XTF data were processed using CARIS HIPS/SIPS software to quality control the data and to incorporate sound velocity and tidal corrections. Vertical datum is mean lower low water. Process_Date: 2004 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_1m_decimal_degrees.xyz Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Contact_Person: Crew of the NOAA Ship RUDE Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Address: 439 West York Street City: Norfolk State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 23510 Country: USA Process_Step: Process_Description: The original multibeam data set, which is in ASCII comma-delimited text, did not entirely cover the sea floor because line spacing during acquisition was such that areas of no data often are present between the ship's tracks. Therefore, further processing was conducted at the USGS's Woods Hole Science Center to provide bathymetric datasets with more continuous coverage. First, the data were divided into three pieces to work with smaller files. All non-standardized records were assumed to be bad records and were removed. Subsequently, the PROJ.4 cartographic projections library was used to project the data, the SwathEd software produced by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick was used to create the grids from the actual sounding data, and the GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis System) was used to create interpolated grids of the bathymetry for each piece of the survey. The three pieces were cropped to remove edge artifacts and the pieces were recombined. A sun-illuminated surface was generated from the interpolated grids ArcGIS 9 (Arc catalog) with hill-shading from a direction parallel to most of the ship's tracks to minimize artifacts. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11043_1m_decimal_degrees.xyz Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: Massachusett Office of Coastal Zone Management Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Process_Step: Process_Description: The geotiff imagery was created with the ArcView Image Conversion Georeferencing extension grid2image. Process_Date: 2005 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_geo_5mbathy.tif Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_geo_5mbathy.tfw Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: Massachusett Office of Coastal Zone Management Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 2621 Column_Count: 4201 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: .000001 Longitude_Resolution: .000001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000045 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000045 Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geolgist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: USGS Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data: 5-m gridded multibeam bathymetry of NOAA survey H11045 Distribution_Liability: Although this data set has been used by the USGS and NOAA, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS or NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: geotiff Format_Information_Content: Two files (h11044_geo_5mbathy.tif and h11044_geo_5mbathy.tfw File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 31.503 Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The user must have a program capable of reading and processing "geotiff" images. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20050610 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile