Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tanya S. Unger Originator: Jessica L. Baker Publication_Date: 2005 Title: sunillum.tif: Sun-illuminated topographic imagery of the seafloor in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region. Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2840 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2840/data/sunillum/sunillum.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Sea floor image maps showing topography, sun-illuminated topography, backscatter intensity, ruggedness, slope, and the distribution of boulder ridges and bedrock outcrops in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2840 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Other_Citation_Details: scale 1:60,000, 6 maps, 12 sheets Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2840/ Description: Abstract: The sun-illuminated topographic imagery of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts covers an area of approximately 1100 square nautical miles. The Stellwagen Bank NMS Mapping Project is designed to provide detailed maps of the Stellwagen Bank region's environments and habitats and the first complete multibeam topographic and sea floor characterization maps of a significant region of the shallow EEZ. Data were collected on four cruises over a two year period from the fall of 1994 to the fall of 1996. The surveys were conducted aboard the Canadian Hydrographic Service vessel Frederick G. Creed, a SWATH (Small Waterplane Twin Hull) ship that surveys at speeds of up to 16 knots. Purpose: Development of interpretive seabed maps, sea floor imagery, and a GIS database that are accessible to scientists, policymakers, managers, and the general public. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1994 Ending_Date: 1998 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.6 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.0333 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.8 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.0833 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information Systems Theme_Keyword: GIS Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHSC Theme_Keyword: Frederick G. Creed Theme_Keyword: Swath Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: topographic data Theme_Keyword: sea floor topography Theme_Keyword: bathymetry Theme_Keyword: sun-illuminated imagery Theme_Keyword: gray scale image Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF image Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: elevation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: MA Place_Keyword: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Place_Keyword: SBNMS Place_Keyword: Shallow EEZ Place_Keyword: EEZ Place_Keyword: Gulf of Maine Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Boston Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Not to be used for navigational purposes. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2840/data/sunillum/sunillum-thumb.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image showing overview of the sun-illuminated topographic imager of the seafloor in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2840/data/sunillum/sunillum-browse.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Image showing overview of the sun-illuminated topographic imager of the seafloor in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tammie J. Middleton Originator: Sarah J. Fuller Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Sea floor maps showing topography, sun-illuminated topography, and backscatter intensity of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary region off Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1.01 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 00-410 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of00-410/ Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: Page C. Valentine Originator: Tanya S. Unger Originator: Jessica L. Baker Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Sun-illuminated sea floor topography of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary off Boston, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Geologic Investigations Map Issue_Identification: I-2676-B Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The ship's position was determined with an accuracy of 10 m or better using a Magnavox 4200 geographic positioning system (GPS) receiver in conjunction with differential GPS corrections transmitted by U.S. Coast Guard radio beacons. At the start of each day, casts were made to record the sound velocity profile of the water column in the area to be surveyed. Sound velocity information was updated during the day whenever the survey moved from one area to another. Tidal corrections based on NOAA's Boston tide gauge were used to reference depth data to mean lower low water. Sounding rates depend on water depth but vary from 2 to 4 per second in water depths less than 100 meters. Horizontal spatial resolution at these sounding rates is on the order of 10% of the water depth at 16 knots; however, vertical resolution is approximately 1% or better in the same depth range. Completeness_Report: The bathymetric data are displayed in real time on the Sun workstation using software designed and written by the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick. This display allows data gaps to be identified during the survey and also gives a measure of the data quality. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Sounding rates depend on water depth but vary from 2 to 4 per second in water depths less than 100 meters. Horizontal spatial resolution at these sounding rates is on the order of 10% of the water depth at 16 knots; however, vertical resolution is approximately 1% or better in the same depth range. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Sounding rates depend on water depth but vary from 2 to 4 per second in water depths less than 100 meters. Horizontal spatial resolution at these sounding rates is on the order of 10% of the water depth at 16 knots; however, vertical resolution is approximately 1% or better in the same depth range. Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: The navigation and topographic data were both edited using SwathEd, a suite of multibeam software editing and display tools developed by Dr. John Hughes Clarke of the Ocean Mapping Group, University of New Brunswick (UNB).. Tidal corrections were obtained from NOAA's Boston Tide Gauge (Station 8443970) and merged into the data set using UNB's tidal routines. The topographic information was converted into an ASCII text file containing lat, long, and depth fields, using a script created by Bill Danforth at the U.S. Geological Survey. The ASCII file was brought into Arc/Info, and a grid was generated and processed using ESRI's Arc/Info version 7.0.4 software. A point coverage containing depth values was created using the routine point-generate. The grid was created based on the depth values for each of the points using the command pointgrid. The grid was filtered with a 9 by 9 focalmedian filter. Contours were generated using latticecontour. All editing and edgematching was done by hand using arcedit. The shaded relief images shown here were created using a light source that is 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 350 degrees. The vertical exaggeration in the images is four times. In effect, topographic relief is enhanced by illuminating the sea floor from a position 10 degrees west of north so that shadows are cast on the southern flanks of seabed features. Some features in the images are artifacts of data collection. They are especially noticeable where the seabed is smooth and include small highs and lows and unnatural-looking features and patterns that are oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey tracklines. Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 8060 Column_Count: 4718 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Mercator Mercator: Standard_Parallel: 41.65 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -70.3167 False_Easting: 0 False_Northing: 0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 10.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 10.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Sun-illuminated topographic imagery combines contoured topography and sun-illuminated topographic imagery. The image shown here uses a sun elevation angle of 45 degrees above the horizon from an azimuth of 350 degrees and a vertical exaggeration of four times. In effect, topographic relief is enhanced by having the sun illuminate the sea floor from a position 10 degrees west of north so that shadows are cast on the southern flanks of seabed features. Unnatural-looking stripes and patterns oriented parallel or perpendicular to survey track lines are artifacts of data collection. Blank areas represent places where no data exists. The topographic imagery is identical to that shown on Sheet 3 of this report. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: A zip archive containing the GeoTIFF image, associated world file, and metadata. File_Decompression_Technique: zip Transfer_Size: 0.000 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2005/2840/data/sunillum/sunillum.zip Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a GEOTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20050823 Metadata_Review_Date: 20050822 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Page C. Valentine Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd. City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2239 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pvalentine@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile