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	Dr. Carolyn Ruppel
	U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole Field Center Quissett Campus, 384 Woods Hole Rd. Woods Hole, MA 02543-1598 Tel. (508) 457-2339 Fax. (508) 457-2310 Contact: cruppel@usgs.gov

Publications

Marine Hydrogeology/Methane Hydrates          Coastal Hydrogeophysics             Tectonics

Methane Hydrates and Seeps, Deep Marine Hydrogeology/Geophysics

• Brothers, L., P. Hart, and C. Ruppel, 2012, Minimum distribution of subsea ice-bearing permafrost on the US Beaufort Sea continental shelf, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15501. Doi:10.1029/2012GL052222.
• Ruppel, C., 2011, Methane Hydrates and Contemporary Climate Change, Nature Education Knowledge, 2(12):12.
• **Ruppel, C., L. Brothers, P. Hart, C. Maue, J. Pohlman, J. Kessler, K.J. Sparrow, and C. Worley, 2012, Methane dynamics associated with long-term climate change on the Alaskan Beaufort Sea inner shelf, Fire in the Ice, DOE NETL newsletter, vol. 12(1), 7-10.
• Ruppel, C., 2012, Scientific drilling for climate-related objectives on Arctic Ocean margins (workshop report), EOS Trans. AGU, 93(22), 213.
• **Ruppel, C. and D. Noserale, 2012, Gas hydrates and climate warming--Why a methane catastrophe is unlikely, Sound Waves (USGS newsletter), cover story.
• **Pohlman, J., C. Ruppel, C. Maue, L. Brothers, J. Kessler, and C. Worley, 2012, Real-time mapping of seawater and atmospheric methane concentrations offshore of Alaska's North Slope,Sound Waves (USGS newsletter).
• **Ruppel, C., 2011, Methane hydrates and the future of natural gas, Supplementary Paper #4, The Future of Natural Gas,MIT Energy Initiative study, 25 pp.
• ** Ruppel, C., Collett, T., Boswell, R., Lorenson, T., Buczkowski, B., and W. Waite, 2011. A new global gas hydrate drilling map based on reservoir type, Fire in the Ice, DOE NETL newsletter, May edition, vol. 11(1), 13-17.
• ** Ruppel, C., 2011, USGS Gas hydrates project convenes DOE workshop on climate-gas hydrates interactions, Fire in the Ice, DOE NETL newsletter, May edition, vol. 11(1), 18-20.
• Scandella, B. P., C. Varadharajan, H. F. Hemond, C. Ruppel, and R. Juanes, 2011. A conduit dilation model of methane venting from lake sediments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06408, doi:10.1029/2011GL046768.
• Isaksen, I. S. A., M. Gauss, G. Myhre, K. M. Walter Anthony, and C. Ruppel, 2011. Strong atmospheric chemistry feedback to climate warming from Arctic methane emissions, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 25, GB2002, doi:10.1029/2010GB003845.
• Hutchinson, D.R., C. Ruppel, H. Roberts, R. Carney, and M. Smith, 2011, Gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico, in: Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota, vol. 3, ed. by N.A. Buster and C.W. Holmes, Texas A&M University Press. ISBN: 978-1603442909.
• Santamarina, J.C. and C. Ruppel, 2010, The impact of hydrate saturation on the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silts, and clay (Chapter 26), In: Riedel, Willoughby, Chopra (eds), Geophysical Characterization of Gas Hydrates, Society of Exploration Geophysicists Geophysical Developments, vol. 14, 373-384.
• ** [research report] Ruppel, C., Hart, P. and C. Worley, 2010, Degradation of subsea permafrost and associated gas hydrate offshore Alaska in response to climate change, Sound Waves, USGS newsletter, October/November edition, cover article.
• Lee, J. Y., J. C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2010a, Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 1. Electromagnetic properties, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B11104, doi:10.1029/2009JB006669.
• Lee, J. Y., F. M. Francisca, J. C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2010b, Parametric study of the physical properties of hydrate-bearing sand, silt, and clay sediments: 2. Small-strain mechanical properties, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B11105, doi:10.1029/2009JB006670.
• Lee, J. Y., J. C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2010, Volume change associated with formation and dissociation of hydrate in sediment, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 11,, Q03007, doi:10.1029/2009GC002667.
• Boswell, R., T. Collett, B. Anderson, and C. Ruppel, 2010, Relative gas volumes for free gas and gas hydrate accumulations, in: DOE NETL newsletter, Fire in the Ice , Summer 2010 edition, pp. 9-11.
• Hutchinson, D.R., Hart, P.E., Ruppel, C., Snyder, F., and Dugan, B., 2009, Seismic and thermal characterization of a bottom simulating reflection in the northern Gulf of Mexico, in Collett, T., Johnson, A., Knapp, C., Boswell, R., eds., Natural Gas Hydrates -- Energy Resource Potential and Associated Geologic Hazards, American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 89, 266-286.
• Cortes, D. D., A. I. Martin, T. S. Yun, F. M. Francisca, J. C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2009, Thermal conductivity of hydrate-bearing sediments, J. Geophys. Res., 114,, B11103, doi:10.1029/2008JB006235.
• ** [field report] Wooller, M., C. Ruppel, J.W. Pohlman, M.B. Leigh, M. Heintz, and K. Walter Anthony, 2009, Permafrost gas hydrates and climate change: Lake-based seep studies on the Alaskan North Slope, DOE NETL newsletter, Fire in the Ice, , September edition, pp. 7-9.
• ** [research report] Ruppel, C., J. Pohlman, and C. Worley, 2009, Studying the link between Arctic methane seeps and degassing methane hydrates, Sound Waves , USGS national newsletter, October edition, cover article.
• ** [very extended abstract] Ruppel, C., 2009, Methane hydrates and global climate change: a status report, ACS National Meeting, Salt Lake City.
• Ruppel, C., Boswell, R., and E. Jones, 2008, Scientific results from Gulf of Mexico Gas Hydrates Joint Industry Project Leg 1 Drilling:  Introduction and overview, Mar. Petr. Geol., 25, doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.007.
• Pohlman, J. W., C. Ruppel, D. Hutchinson, R.Z. Downer, and R.B. Coffin, 2008, Assessing sulfate reduction and methane cycling in a high salinity pore water system in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, Mar. Petr. Geol., 25, doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.016.
• Lee, J.Y., J. C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2008, Mechanical and electromagnetic properties of northern Gulf of Mexico sediments with and without THF hydrate, Mar. Petr. Geol., 25, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.01.019.
• **[extended conference paper] Hutchinson, D., Shelander, D., Dai, J., McConnell, D., Shedd, W., Frye, M., Ruppel, C., Boswell, R., Jones, E., Collett, T., Rose, K., Dugan, B., Wood, W., and T. Latham, 2008, Site selection for DOE/JIP gas hydrate drilling in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Proceedings of the 6th  International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH), Vancouver, Canada, 6-10 July, 12 pp.
• **[conference paper] Jones, E., Latham, T., McConnell, D., Frye, M., Hunt, J., Shedd, W.., Shelander, D., Boswell, R., Rose, K., Ruppel, C., Hutchinson, D., Collett, T., Dugan, B., and W. Wood, 2008, Scientific objectives of the Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate leg II drilling, Proc. Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 19501, 10 pp.
• **[state of research summary] Ruppel, C., and J. Pohlman, January 2008, Climate change and carbon cycle: Perspectives and opportunities, Fire in Ice, DOE/National Energy Technology Lab Gas Hydrates Newsletter, pp. 5-8.
• Hornbach, M., L. Lavier, and C. Ruppel, 2007, Triggering mechanism and tsunamogenic potential of the Cape Fear Slide complex, U.S. Atlantic coastal margin, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 8, Q12008 (doi:10.1029/2007GB001722).
• **[brief workshop report] Harris, R.N., Fisher, A., Ruppel, C., and Martinez, F., 2008, Modern perspectives on measuring and interpreting seafloor heat flux, EOS Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 89(3), p. 23.
• Wilson, A., and C. Ruppel, 2007, Salt tectonics and shallow subseafloor fluid convection: Models of coupled fluid-heat-salt transport, Geofluids, 7(4), 377-386. (doi: 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2007.00191.x)
• Hornbach, M., C. Ruppel, and C.L. Van Dover, 2007, Three-dimensional structure of fluid conduits sustaining an active deep marine cold seep, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L05601. (doi: 10.1029/2006GL028859)
• Lee, J.Y., T.S. Yun, J.C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2007, Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a proxy for methane hydrate in laboratory studies of porous sediments, Geophysics, Geochemistry, Geosystems (G^3), 8,  Q06003. (doi: 10.1029/2006GC001531)
• Ruppel, C., 2007, Tapping methane hydrates for unconventional natural gas, Elements, 3(3), 193-199.
• Yun, T.S., J.C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2007, Mechanical properties of sand, silt, and clay containing synthetic hydrate, Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, B04106. (doi: 10.1029/2006JB004484)
• Heyl, T.P., R.M. Chambers, G.W. Gilchrist, W.P. Gilhooly, S.A. Macko, C. Ruppel, and C.L. Van Dover, 2007, Characteristics of vesicomyid clams and their environment at the Blake Ridge cold seep, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 339, 169-184.
• Hutchinson, D.R., C. Ruppel, H. Roberts, R. Carney, and M. Smith, in press, Gas hydrates in the Gulf of Mexico, in: Gulf of Mexico--Its Origin (History,  Archaeology, and Geology), vol. 1, ed. by C.W. Holmes, Texas A&M University Press.
• Trehu, A.M., C. Ruppel, J. Dickens, D. Goldberg, M. Holland, M. Riedel, P. Schultheiss, and M. Torres, 2006, Gas hydrates in marine sediments: lessons from ocean drilling, Oceanography, 19, 124-143, 2006.
• Yun, T.S., G. Narsilio, J.C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2006, Instrumented pressure testing chamber for characterizing sediment cores recovered at in situ hydrostatic pressure, Marine Geology, 229, 285-293 (doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.03.012).
• Waite, W., C. Ruppel, and S. Kirby, 2006, Comment on “Thermal and visual time-series at a seafloor gas hydrate deposit on the Gulf of Mexico slope”, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 245, 481-82. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.062).
• Castellini, D.G., G.R. Dickens, G.T. Snyder, and C.D. Ruppel, 2006, Barium cycling in shallow sediment above active mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Mexico, Chemical Geology, 226, 1-30. (doi 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2005.08.008).
• Francisca, F., T.S. Yun, C. Ruppel, and J.C. Santamarina, 2005, Geophysical and geotechnical properties of near-surface sediments in the Northern Gulf of Mexico gas hydrate province, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 237, 924-939. (doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.06.050).
• Yun, T.S., F. Francisca, J.C. Santamarina, and C. Ruppel, 2005, Compressional and shear wave velocities of uncemented sediment containing gas hydrate, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L10609. (doi: 10.1029/2005GL022607)
• Ruppel, C., G. Dickens, D.G. Castellini, W. Gilhooly, and D. Lizarralde, 2005, Heat and salt inhibition of gas hydrate in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L04625. (doi:10.1029/2004GL021909)
• Hornbach, M., C. Ruppel, D. Saffer, C.L. Van Dover, and W.S. Holbrook, 2005, Coupled geophysical constraints on heat flow and fluid flux at a salt diapir, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L24617. (doi: 10.1029/2005GL024862).
• Nimblett, J. and C. Ruppel, 2003, Permeability evolution during formation of gas hydrates in marine sediments, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 2420, doi: 10.1029/2001JB001650.
• Van Dover, C. and others (including Ruppel), 2003, Blake Ridge methane seeps: geological and biological contexts, Deep Sea Research, 50, 281-300.
• ** Ge, S., B. Bekins, J. Bredehoeft, K. Brown, E.E. Davis, S.M. Gorelick, P. Henry, H. Kooi, A.F. Moench, C. Ruppel, M. Sauter, E. Screaton, P.K. Swart, T. Tokunaga, C.I. Voss, and F. Whitaker, 2003, Fluid flow in sub-seafloor processes and future ocean drilling, EOS, 84, 145-152.
  
• Waite, W.F, deMartin, B.J, Kirby, S.H., Pinkston, J., Ruppel, C.D., 2002, Thermal conductivity measurements in porous mixtures of methane hydrate and quartz sand, Geophysical Research Letters. (doi: 10.1029/2002GL015988)
• Ruppel, C. and M. Kinoshita, 2000, Heat, fluid, and methane flux on the Costa Rican active margin off the Nicoya Peninsula, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 179, 153-165.
• **Ruppel, C., Thermal state of the gas hydrate reservoir, 2000, in: Max, M. editor, Natural Gas Hydrate in Oceanic and Permafrost Environments, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 29-42, 2000.
• Wood, W. and C. Ruppel, 2000, Seismic and thermal investigations of hydrate bearing sediments on the Blake Ridge Crest: A synthesis of ODP Leg 164 results, Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Final Reports, 164, 253-264.
• Xu, W. and C. Ruppel, 1999, Predicting the occurrence, distribution, and evolution of methane gas hydrate in porous marine sediments from analytical models, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, ,5081-5096.
• Ruppel, C., 1997, Anomalously cold temperatures observed at the base of the gas hydrate stability zone, U.S. Atlantic passive margin, Geology, 25, 699-702.
• **Paull, C., R. Matsumoto et al., 1996, [Heat flow and physical properties chapters in:] Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports 164.
• Ruppel, C., R.P. Von Herzen, and A. Bonneville, 1995, Heat flux through an old (~175 Ma) passive margin: offshore southeastern USA, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100,, 20,037-20,058.
• A. Bonneville, R.P. Von Herzen, C. Ruppel, 1993, HFSoft: Toolbox for processing marine heat flow data, WHOI Technical Memorandum, 54 pp.

Hydrogeophysics and Coastal Zone Hydrology

• Schultz, G., C. Ruppel, and P. Fulton, 2007, Integrating hydrologic and geophysical data to constrain coastal surficial aquifer processes at multiple spatial and temporal scales, in Subsurface Hydrology: Data Integration for Properties and Processes, ed. by D.W. Hyndman, F.D. Day-Lewis, and K. Singha, American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph Series, 171, pp. 161-182. (doi: 10.1029/171GM13)
• Schultz, G. and C. Ruppel, 2005, Inversion of inductive electromagnetic data in high induction number terrains, Geophysics, 70, G16-G28. (doi:10.1190/1.1852775)
• Snyder, M., M. Taillefert, and C. Ruppel, 2004, Redox zonation at the saline-influenced boundaries of a permeable surficial aquifer: effects of physical forcing on the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, Journal of Hydrology, 296, 164-178 (doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.019.)
• Schultz, G. and C. Ruppel, 2002, Constraints on hydraulic parameters and implications for groundwater flux across the upland-estuary interface, Journal of Hydrology, 260, , 255-269.
• Ruppel, C., G. Schultz, and S. Kruse, 2000, Anomalous freshwater lens morphology on a strip barrier island, Ground Water, 38, 872-881.

Large Scale Tectonics (Marine and Continental)

• Salters, V.J.M., P.C. Ragland, W.E. Hames, K. Milla, C. Ruppel, 2002, Temporal chemical variations within lowermost Jurassic tholeiitic magmas of the Central Atlantic magmatic province, in: Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, edited by W.E. Hames, J.G. McHone, P.R. Renne, and C. Ruppel, Geophysical Monograph 136, Washington: AGU, 163-178.
• Von Herzen, R.P., Ruppel, C., Nettles, M., Nagihara, S., Molnar, P., and Ekstrom, G., 2001, A constraint on the shear stress at the Pacific-Australia plate boundary from heat flow and seismicity at the Kermadec forearc, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 6817-6833.
• Hames, W.E., P. Renne, and C. Ruppel, 2000, New evidence for geologically instantaneous emplacement of the earliest Jurassic Central Atlantic magmatic province basalts on the North American margin, Geology, 28, 859-862.
• Ruppel, C., 1995, Extensional processes in continental lithosphere [Review paper for AGU's 75th Anniversary], Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 24,187-24,215.
• Schilling, J.-G., C. Ruppel, A.N. Davis, B. McCully, S.A. Tighe, R.H. Kingsley, and J. Lin, 1995, Thermal structure of the mantle beneath the Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge: inferences from the spatial variation of dredge basalt glass compositions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 10,057-10,076.
• Hooft, E., M. Kleinrock, and C. Ruppel, 1995, Rifting of oceanic crust at Endeavor Deep on the boundary of the Juan Fernandez microplate, Marine Geophysical Research, 17, 251-273.
• Ruppel, C. and K.V. Hodges, 1994, Role of horizontal thermal conduction and finite thrust emplacement in simulation of pressure-temperature-time paths, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 123, 49-60.
• Ruppel, C. and K. Hodges, 1994, Pressure-temperature-time paths from 2D thermal models: prograde, retrograde, and inverted metamorphism, Tectonics, 13, 17-44.
• Ruppel, C., M.G. Kogan, and M.K. McNutt, 1993, Implications of two-dimensional gravity data for Baikal Rift zone structure, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 1639-1642.
• Ruppel, C. and M. McNutt, 1990, Regional isostasy of the Greater Caucasus Mountains from an analysis of Bouguer gravity data, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 98, p. 360-379.
• Ruppel, C., Royden, L., and K. Hodges, 1988, Thermal modelling of extensional tectonics: application to pressure-temperature- time histories of metamorphic rocks, Tectonics, 7, p. 947-957.