Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2006 Title: CAPENORTHMOS_GEO4M_WGS84.TIF - 4-m Image of the Northern Half of the Backscatter Intensity Mosaic of the Sea Floor off Northeastern Cape Cod from USGS Cruise 98015 (Geographic) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1048 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.zip Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.tif Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/htmldocs/data_catalog.htm Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/ Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: L.J. Poppe Originator: V.F. Paskevich Originator: B. Butman Originator: P.C. Valentine Originator: W.W. Danforth Originator: D.S. Foster Originator: D.S. Blackwood Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Geological Interpretation of Bathymetric and Backscatter Imagery of the Sea Floor off Eastern Cape Cod, Massachusetts Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1048 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/ Description: Abstract: This data set includes backscatter intensity of the sea floor offshore of northern Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The data were collected with a multibeam sea floor mapping system during USGS survey 98015, conducted November 9 - 25, 1998. The surveys were conducted using a Simrad EM 1000 multibeam echo sounder mounted aboard the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Frederick G. Creed. This multibeam system utilizes 60 electronically aimed receive beams spaced at intervals of 2.5 degrees that insonify a strip of sea floor up to 7.5 times the water depth (swath width of 100 to 200 m within the survey area). The horizontal resolution of the beam on the sea floor is approximately 10% of the water depth. Vertical resolution is approximately 1 percent of the water depth. With backscatter intensity, the intensity of the acoustic return from the sea floor from the multibeam system, is a function of the properties of the surficial sediments and of the bottom roughness. Generally, a strong return (light gray tones) is associated with rock or coarse-grained sediment, and a weak return (dark gray tones) with fine-grained sediments. However, the micro-topography, such as ripples, burrows, and benthic populations also affect the reflectivity of the sea floor. Direct observations, using bottom photography or video, and surface samples, are needed to verify interpretations of the backscatter intensity data. The backscatter data have a weak striping that runs parallel to the ship's track. Some of the striping is the result of poor data return at nadir that appears as evenly-spaced thin speckled lines. Some striping is also due to critical angle effects, where the intensity of return varies as a function of the angle of incidence of the incoming sound on the seafloor (Hughes-Clark and others, 1997). Purpose: To release a digital map derived from multibeam observations that shows sea floor backscatter intensity (a measure of sea floor texture and roughness) at a spatial resolution of 4 meters per pixel. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19981109 Ending_Date: 19981125 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.307833 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -69.828333 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 42.116667 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.966667 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: WHSC Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: Frederick G. Creed Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Number 98015 Theme_Keyword: Sea Floor Mapping Theme_Keyword: Multibeam Echo Sounder Theme_Keyword: Backscatter Intensity Theme_Keyword: multibeam backscatter mosaic Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Image Theme_Keyword: greyscale image Theme_Keyword: gray scale image Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information System Theme_Keyword: Sea Floor Geology Theme_Keyword: Surficial Geology Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Image Theme_Keyword: Multibeam Theme_Keyword: Simrad EM1000 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: Cape Cod Place_Keyword: Massachusetts Place_Keyword: Cape Cod National Seashore Park Place_Keyword: U.S. East Coast Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lawrence J. Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84-thumb.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Thumbnail image showing the extent and coverage of the data layer. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Image map showing the extent and coverage of the data layer. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722 Data_Quality_Information: Completeness_Report: This image is complete; all available data were used to create the backscatter mosaic; no further processing and(or) modifications will be made. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: These data were navigated with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS); they are accurate to +/- 3 meters, horizontally. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Lineage: Source_Information: Type_of_Source_Media: DVD-ROM Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19981109 Ending_Date: 19981125 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: 98015_multibeam_data Source_Contribution: The original multibeam backscatter data acquired with a Simrad EM 1000 echosounder during USGS cruise 98015 aboard the Canadian Coast Guard vessel Frederick G. Creed Process_Step: Process_Description: Initial Data and acquisition processing at sea: After the echo sounder data were logged onto the hard disk of the Sun workstation, a suite of processing software developed by the Ocean Mapping Group (www.omg.unb.ca/~jhc/SwathEd.html) was used to correct for artifacts and errors that may have been introduced during data collection. This software also enhanced the corrected data by resolving beam pattern and aspect ratio distortions and by imposing a linear contrast stretch before it generated bathymetric and sidescan sonar image mosaics in a Mercator projection. All data processing described here is initiated using Silicon Graphics workstations as soon as each acquisition file is closed by the Simrad Mermaid workstation (usually at the end of each survey line). Additional processing was done in the lab to correct for fluctuations in sea level during the survey and for artifacts in the data files that were not corrected in the field (see below). The processing and editing steps on board the ship were: (A.) Demultiplex, or unravel, the acquired Simrad data files using RT to generate separate files containing navigation, depth soundings, sidescan sonar backscatter values, and sound velocity information. (B.) Automatically reject bad data (autoRejectSoundings). For the multibeam soundings, reject data outside expected depth ranges (operator's decision based on nautical chart data); for navigation data, reject fixes with poor GPS statistics. (C.) Edit the navigation data on-screen using jview to remove undesirable points, including turns at the ends of survey lines. (D.) Edit the multibeam soundings on-screen using swathed to remove individual anomalous soundings. (E). Merge tidal information and the corrected navigation back (mergetide and mergenav) into the data files. Tidal information was obtained from predicted tides using the Xtide program http://www.flaterco.com/xtide/xtide.html), which generated predicted tides based on the harmonic coefficients for Chatham provided by the Xtide program. (F.) Map the bathymetric soundings from each processed data file onto a Mercator grid using weigh_grid with node spacings and scale selected by the operator. The data files capenorth.asc and capenorth.xyz were produced from the gridded data. The data file capenorth.txt is a comma-delimited version of capenorth.xyz. (G.) Map the extracted sidescan sonar backscatter values onto a digital mosaic using mos2 in the Mercator projection at a scale selected by the user. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: 98015_multibeam_data Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorth.asc Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: capenoth.xyz Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorth.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorthmos_mer4m.tif Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Bill Danforth Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2274 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: Map the extracted sidescan sonar backscatter values onto a digital mosaic using the SwathEd utility mos2 in the Mercator projection, having a central longitude of -70.3166667 degrees West, a latitude of true scale of 41.65 degrees north and the horizontal datum is WGS84. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorth.asc Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorth.xyz Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorth.txt Process_Date: Unknown Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorthmos_mer4m.tif Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Bill Danforth Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2274 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: The imagery in Mercator projection was converted to geographic. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorthmos_mer4m.tif Process_Date: 2004 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: capenorthmos_mer4m_wgs84.tif Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Valerie Paskevich Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Information Technology Specialist / GIS Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2281 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vpaskevich@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 4191 Column_Count: 9986 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00001 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000048 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000036 Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System 84 Ellipsoid_Name: World Geodetic System 84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Depth_System_Definition: Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: There are no attributes associated with the GEOTIFF image. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Lawrence J. Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data: capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.tif Distribution_Liability: Although all data have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Format_Specification: GeoTIFF Format_Information_Content: GeoTIFF format backscatter mosaic, GeoTIFF world file and associated metadata File_Decompression_Technique: zip archive Transfer_Size: 0.000 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.zip Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/capenorthmos_geo4m_wgs84.tif Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/htmldocs/data_catalog.htm Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1048/data/backscatter/mosaic/geo/ Access_Instructions: Data are downloadable via the World Wide Web (WWW). Offline_Option: Offline_Media: DVD-ROM Recording_Capacity: Recording_Density: 4.75 Recording_Density_Units: Gbytes Recording_Format: UDF Fees: None Technical_Prerequisites: This image is available as a GeoTIFF image with an accompanying world file. To utilize this data, the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image. Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20060321 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: William Danforth Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543-1598 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2274 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: bdanforth@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile