Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S.Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2006 Title: H11045_UTM18_5MBATHY.TIF: Color-Encoded Image of 5-m Gridded Hill-Shaded Bathymetry From Long Island Sound off Bridgeport, Connecticut (UTM) Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1145 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005-1145/data/bathy/geotifs/h11045/utm/h11045_utm18_5mbathy.zip Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: L.J. Poppe Originator: S.D. Ackerman Originator: E.F. Doran Originator: A.L. Beaver Originator: J.M. Crocker Originator: P.T. Schattgen Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Interpolation of reconnaissance multibeam bathymetry from north-central Long Island Sound Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1145 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1145 Description: Abstract: The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, has produced detailed geologic maps of the sea floor in Long Island Sound, a major East Coast estuary surrounded by the most densely populated region of the United States. These studies have built upon cooperative research with the State of Connecticut that was initiated in 1982. The current phase of this research program is directed toward studies of sea-floor sediment distribution, processes that control sediment distribution, nearshore environmental concerns, and the relation of benthic community structures to the sea-floor geology. Anthropogenic wastes, toxic chemicals, and changes in land-use patterns resulting from residential, commercial, and recreational development have stressed the environment of the Sound, causing degradation and potential loss of benthic habitats (Koppelman and others, 1976; Long Island Sound Study, 1994). Detailed maps of the sea floor are needed to help evaluate the extent of adverse impacts and to help manage resources wisely in the future. Therefore, in a continuing effort to better understand Long Island Sound, we have regridded and interpolated this NOAA bathymetric survey into a complete-coverage acoustic image of the sea floor. The image presented herein covers an area of the sea floor in west-central Long Island Sound off Bridgeport, Connecticut and was produced from data collected during NOAA survey H11045. This imagery may serve many purposes, including: (1) defining the geological variability of the sea floor, which is one of the primary controls of benthic habitat diversity; (2) improving our understanding of the processes that control the distribution and transport of bottom sediments and the distribution of benthic habitats and associated infaunal community structures; and (3) providing a detailed framework for future research, monitoring, and management activities. This bathymetry may also serve as a base map for subsequent sedimentological, geochemical, and biological observations, because precise information on environmental setting is important for selection of sampling sites and for accurate interpretation of point measurements. Purpose: To release a geotiff image of 5 m gridded bathymetry projected in Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 18N, generated from NOAA survey H11045 in Long Island Sound off Bridgeport, Connecticut. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.13 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.94 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.14 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.02 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey Theme_Keyword: USGS Theme_Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center Theme_Keyword: NOAA Ship RUDE Theme_Keyword: geotiff Theme_Keyword: ArcView Theme_Keyword: multibeam bathymetry Theme_Keyword: image Theme_Keyword: gridded Theme_Keyword: Survey H11045 Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program Theme_Keyword: CMGP Theme_Keyword: WHSC Theme_Keyword: pseudo-color image Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General Place_Keyword: North America Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Long Island Sound Place_Keyword: Connecticut Place_Keyword: U.S. East Coast Place_Keyword: Bridgeport Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Data are not for navigation purposes. Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) as the source of this information. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1145/graphics/browse_graphics/h11045_utm18_bathy.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Overview image of NOAA survey H11045 Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Please acknowledge NOAA and the NOAA Ship RUDE as the originators of the data from which this data set was derived. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722 Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Originator: E. Beaulieu Originator: L.J. Poppe Originator: V.F. Paskevich Originator: E.B. Doran Originator: B.E. Chauveau Originator: J.M. Crocker Originator: A.J. Beaver Originator: P.T. Schattgen Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Sidescan Sonar Imagery and Surficial Geologic Interpretation of the Sea Floor off Bridgeport, Connecticut Edition: 1.0 Series_Information: Series_Name: Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2005-1162 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1162 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: There are no attributes associated with a geotiff image. Completeness_Report: All collected data were processed and used to produce a geotiff of the interpolated and gridded dataset. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Navigation was by Differential GPS Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: ~5 m Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Data was interpolated and gridded to 5 m. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: H11045 Bathymetry Edition: 1 Type_of_Source_Media: DVD-ROM Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_5m_decimal_degrees_xyz.txt Source_Contribution: Original gridded, but not interpolated data. This had resulted in areas of no data between many of the ship's tracks. Process_Step: Process_Description: The bathymetry data were collected during 2003 as part of NOAA surveys H11044 aboard the NOAA Ship RUDE. The RUDE, which supports NOAA's east-coast nautical charting mission, is outfitted to acquire single-beam bathymetry with an Odom Echotrac DF-3200 duel frequency echosounder and shallow water multibeam bathymetry with a Reson 8125 system. The Reson multibeam system operates at 455 KHz with a 120 degree across track swath and 240 beams along its swath. The multibeam data for these surveys were acquired in XTF (extended Triton data format) and recorded digitally through an ISIS data acquisition system. Once digitally recorded, the XTF data were processed using CARIS HIPS/SIPS software to quality control the data and to incorporate sound velocity and tidal corrections. Vertical datum is mean lower low water. Process_Date: 2003 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_1m_decimal_degrees_xyz.txt Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Contact_Person: Crew of the NOAA Ship RUDE Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Atlantic Hydrographic Branch Address: 439 West York Street City: Norfolk State_or_Province: VA Postal_Code: 23510 Country: USA Process_Step: Process_Description: The original multibeam data sets, which are in ASCII comma-delimited text, do not entirely cover the sea floor because line spacing during acquisition was such that areas of no data often are present between the ship's tracks. Therefore, further processing was conducted at the USGS's Woods Hole Science Center to provide bathymetric datasets with more continuous coverage. First, all non-standardized records were assumed to be bad records and were removed. Subsequently, the PROJ.4 cartographic projections library was used to project the data, the SwathEd software produced by the Ocean Mapping Group at the University of New Brunswick was used to create the grids from the actual sounding data, and GMT (the Generic Mapping Tools) was used to create a 5-m interpolated grid of the bathymetry. Interpolation was achieved during GMT processing by running the data through a block median filter and using a surface generating algorithm with a tension of 0.5. Other parameters were set at default. The grid was projected into Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 18N. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11044_1_5m_decimal_degrees_xyz.txt Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_bathy5 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Process_Step: Process_Description: A sun-illuminated surface was generated from the interpolated grid using ArcTool box with hill-shading from 270 degrees (a direction parallel to most of the ship's tracks) to minimize artifacts and angle of 45 degrees above the horizon. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_bathy5 Process_Date: 2005 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_hlshd5 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: ArcView 3.3 extension grid2image (Image Conversion-Georeferencing) was used to create the color geotiff image. As part of this process, the bathymetry was color coded to user-specified full-spectrum legend colors and the hill-shaded grid was saved as a geotiff image preserving both the legend colors and hill shading. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_hlshd5 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_bathy5 Process_Date: 2005 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: h11045_utm18_5mbathy.tif Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: GIS Specialist Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 2933 Column_Count: 3224 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 18 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -75.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 5.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 5.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data: Geotiff image of color-encoded 5-m hill-shaded multibeam bathymetry of NOAA survey H11045 Distribution_Liability: Although this data set has been used by the USGS and NOAA, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS or NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: geotiff Format_Information_Content: Two files (h11045_utm18_5mbathy.tif and h11045_utm18_5mbathy.tfw) File_Decompression_Technique: no compression applied Transfer_Size: 0.000 Fees: none Technical_Prerequisites: The user must have a program capable of reading and processing "geotiff" images. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20060125 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Larry Poppe Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 384 Woods Hole Road City: Woods Hole State_or_Province: MA Postal_Code: 02543 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2314 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: lpoppe@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: None